Texas Bankruptcy Blog : Texas Bankruptcy Lawyer & Attorney : Fears Nachawati law Firm : Chapter 7, Chapter 13, Consumer Bankrutpcy : Dallas, Fort Worth, Austin, Houston, San Antonio

All bankruptcy debtors will tell their bankruptcy attorneys about cases in which they are defendants. Debtors are always anxious to stop a lawsuit and rid themselves of any dischargeable obligations.

The problem with lawsuits usually arises when the debtor is the plaintiff, or has a claim that has not yet been filed. For instance, suffering a personal injury caused by someone else and then filing bankruptcy to get rid of the medical bills.

Both a plaintiff’s lawsuit and a potential lawsuit are assets of the bankruptcy estate.

What happens to the plaintiff’s claim during bankruptcy can depend on a number of circumstances.

In some cases the bankruptcy attorney can exempt a portion or even all of the money received from winning or settling the lawsuit. In other cases the bankruptcy trustee may consider the lawsuit or potential lawsuit of little potential value to the bankruptcy estate (and your creditors), and may abandon the estate’s interest in the suit or claim.

The Bankruptcy Code requires the debtor to disclose all pending lawsuits and claims, whether as a plaintiff or a defendant. Failing to disclose a claim can cause serious headaches for both the bankruptcy attorney and the plaintiff attorney. Whether the failure to list the claim was intentional or an unintentional error, omitting a pending or potential lawsuit is the same as representing to the bankruptcy court that the debtor does not own the asset or have the right to sue. One appellate court said, that “a debtor in bankruptcy who denies owning an asset, including a chose in action or other legal claim, cannot realize on that concealed asset after the bankruptcy ends.” The legal term for this situation is “judicial estoppel,” and it can terminate your right to sue.

If you have a pending or potential lawsuit, discuss your situation with your bankruptcy attorney. Your attorney can advise you on your legal options for discharging your debts and keeping your lawsuit proceeds. Pending lawsuits is actually common, and an experienced bankruptcy attorney can guide you through the legal maze without terminating your rights.

Some people think that you lose everything when you file bankruptcy. That is simply false. In fact, you do not lose anything if you file a repayment plan Chapter 13 bankruptcy. During Chapter 13 you pay your unsecured creditors (e.g. medical bills and credit cards) what you are able over three to five years, and the remaining balance is discharged.

A Chapter 7 bankruptcy is a liquidation bankruptcy and your property may be at risk to be takenand sold to pay creditors. However, the bankruptcy laws provide three ways to protect your property during bankruptcy: (1) when the property is not part of the bankruptcy estate; (2) when there is no equity in the property; or (3) when the property is exempt under state or federal law.

Some property cannot be taken from you because you do not own it. For instance, if you drive your mother’s car, it cannot be taken and sold during your bankruptcy. Property that is owned by another person and is in your possession must be disclosed in your bankruptcy schedules.

Secured property, like a home or vehicle, that is “upside-down” in value (not worth more than what is owed) cannot be taken during a Chapter 7 bankruptcy. There is nothing left after paying the secured creditor. For instance, if you owe $10,000 on your car, and it is worth $8,000, your car cannot be taken and sold during the bankruptcy.

Typical bankruptcy debtors own clothing, furniture, household goods, jewelry, and other personal items. While individually these items are not worth much, collectively they may be worth thousands of dollars. State and/or federal laws allow bankruptcy debtors to keep items reasonably necessary for day-to-day living through the use of exemptions. However, many exemptions are capped by a dollar amount to prevent abuse. For instance, while a $1,000 family piano may be exempt under state law, a $100,000 Steinway grand piano is not. Modest equity in vehicles, clothing, reasonable jewelry, retirement accounts, some savings, and even home equity are commonly exempt and protected during bankruptcy.

If you need the benefits of a bankruptcy discharge, but are worried that you will lose everything you own, speak with an experienced bankruptcy attorney and get the facts. Over 90% of Chapter 7 bankruptcy debtors keep everything, so call today and discuss your situation.
 

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The worst thing about filing bankruptcy is agonizing over the decision to file.  Many people worry about under-going a grueling investigation concerning their finances, losing everything they own, and having to deal with a very public court proceeding.  The truth is that bankruptcy can be the best decision for someone drowning in debt. 

Once you decide to file bankruptcy, you will discover that the procedure is very simple and straight-forward.  The bankruptcy process essentially breaks down to an accounting to determine whether you have sufficient assets or income to pay something to creditors.  If you do, then your creditors will receive some payment and the rest of your debts are discharged.  If you don’t, then creditors receive nothing and are discharged.  There are a few narrow exceptions to discharging debts, like student loans, child support, and recent taxes, but most debts are dischargeable. 

Nearly all those who file bankruptcy are able to keep all of their property.  The United States Trustee Program reports that nationwide only around four percent of all Chapter 7 bankruptcy cases have assets that are turned over to the bankruptcy trustee.  That means one case in twenty-five may have non-exempt property that is taken and sold to pay creditors.  An experienced bankruptcy attorney is able to identify assets that may be at-risk and will advise the client regarding options for protecting the asset from turn-over. 

Many people are unaware that the bankruptcy process is quite private.  The press reports on celebrities who file bankruptcy, but unless you are famous or infamous, you will likely not receive any attention.  Newspapers no longer publish the names of individuals who file bankruptcy.  Notice of your bankruptcy is sent to your creditors, but not to your friends, family, bank, or your employer (unless you owe money to them). 

The typical debtor never sees the bankruptcy judge, and there is generally one meeting with a bankruptcy trustee.  This meeting will take place with other debtors and, while it is open to the public, it is rare that anyone other than debtors, attorneys, and an occasional creditor attends this meeting.  Most clients report being very nervous about meeting with the bankruptcy trustee, and are surprised at how fast and easy the meeting actually is. 

Many clients confess that bankruptcy was the best decision to discharge overwhelming debt.  Once the burden of debt has been lifted, you feel better and your financial condition can begin to improve.  If you are struggling with debt, speak to an experienced bankruptcy attorney and learn how the federal bankruptcy law can provide you with a fresh start.

Your bankruptcy attorney has many powerful methods to help you keep property while eliminating debt.  One tool is lien avoidance, which is available to both Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 debtors.  The general rule in bankruptcy is that debts secured by a lien must be paid or the property must be surrendered to the creditor.  However, under certain circumstances, a lien can be legally avoided without losing the property. Free Consultation 

The Bankruptcy Code identifies two different types of liens that may be avoided during bankruptcy: (1) a judicial lien; and (2) a non-possessory, non-purchase money security interest in household goods or tools of the trade.  Furthermore, to qualify for avoidance the debtor must be able to apply a bankruptcy exemption (a legal allowance to the debtor to protect property from creditors) to the property securing the debt. 

Clear as mud, right? 

Let's make it a little clearer: first, judicial liens are judgments and garnishments caused by a court order or judicial process.  If your property is subject to a debt imposed by a court order, it may be possible to avoid the lien during bankruptcy.  Statutory liens, like tax liens, are not avoidable in Chapter 7, but may be avoidable in Chapter 13. Free Consultation 

Second, a non-possessory, non-purchase money security interest is simply a lien that you gave a creditor against property that you owned prior to incurring the debt and did not acquire using money from the creditor.  A typical example is a personal bank loan secured by your television and/or other household items.

Finally, to qualify for lien avoidance, the debtor must be able to apply a legal exemption to the property.  For instance, if you own a television worth $500 used as collateral for a $1,000 personal loan, you may be able to apply a legal exemption to protect the television and avoid the lien against it.  Once the lien is avoided, the status of the debt changes from secured to unsecured and is likely discharged at the end of the bankruptcy case. Free Consultation 

Additionally, if the legal exemption does not protect all of the value of the property, the lien may be reduced to the extent the lien secures the property.  Using the above example, if the television is worth $500, but the debtor is only able to exempt $250 of its value, the creditor's lien would be reduced in value from $1,000 to $250 (the amount of non-exempt equity in the television). 

To avoid a lien the debtor's attorney files a motion with the bankruptcy court alleging that the creditor's lien is impairing the debtor's exemption.  Typically these motions are uncontested and are granted without hearing. 

It is important that you provide your bankruptcy attorney with documentation for all of your loans.  Your attorney can avoid certain liens during the bankruptcy that will safeguard your property after your bankruptcy discharge. Free Consultation

The automatic stay is a powerful bankruptcy protection that immediately stops nearly all creditor action against a debtor.  The automatic stay is a temporary injunction against debt collection and is meant to give the debtor a “breathing spell” from his creditors.  The automatic stay permits the debtor to attempt a repayment or reorganization plan, or simply to be relieved of the financial pressures that drove him into bankruptcy. Free Consultation 

This protection is immediate and “automatic” upon filing a bankruptcy petition - no hearing is necessary.  The stay is a legal injunction ordered by the bankruptcy court that prohibits a creditor with a claim that arose before commencement of the bankruptcy case from taking many actions, including: Free Consultation 

• contacting the debtor to request payment (stops collection calls)
• initiating or continuing a lawsuit against the debtor (stops lawsuits)
• enforcing a judgment against the debtor (stops wage garnishments)
• repossessing personal property or foreclosing on real estate (stops repossessions and foreclosure)

While the automatic stay is immediate, it is not permanent.  The stay can be contested by a creditor and lifted by the bankruptcy court after notice and a hearing.  There are also a few exceptions to the automatic stay protections, for instance: the automatic stay does not prevent criminal prosecution.  Likewise the automatic stay does not stop lawsuits to establish or modify alimony, maintenance, or support. Free Consultation 

Individuals that file for bankruptcy receive this powerful legal injunction against creditor actions.  However, the automatic stay is just one weapon in your bankruptcy attorney’s arsenal.  Your attorney can use the power of the bankruptcy laws to help you make the best decisions for your family’s future financial health.  If you are struggling with debt, consult with an experienced bankruptcy attorney and learn how the federal bankruptcy laws can help you. Free Consultation